Design of Auto-Tuning Nonlinear PID Tracking Speed Control for Electric Vehicle with Uncertainty Consideration

This study presents a new auto-tuning nonlinear PID controller for electric vehicle (EV) model. The purpose of the proposed control was to achieve two aims. first aim enhance dynamic performance EV regarding internal and external disturbances. second minimize power consumption EV. To ensure that these aims were achieved, famous controllers implemented. based on COVID-19 optimization. (NPID) optimized controller, also using Several driving cycles executed compare their consumption. results showed NPID had smooth response, with minimum rise settling time compared other techniques (PID controllers). Moreover, it achieved low continuous throughout cycles.